When people think of cable patterns, everyone automatically thinks of knitting, and indeed, that is where you’ll find most cable pattern instructions. You don’t need much for it; usually a cable needle or a knitting needle from a set of double-pointed needles for socks is enough. Very small cables that span only 4 or 6 stitches can even be worked without any additional tools at all.
Cable patterns are very simple, because they consist only of crossed knit stitches. Instead of stitch 1, 2, 3, and so on, you first slip these stitches onto a cable needle (see above) and place them in front of or behind your work. Then you knit stitch 4, 5, 6, and then the stitches from the cable needle. And just like that, the stitches are crossed. Then you keep knitting as usual for 4, 6, or 8 rows or more, until the next cable row comes up.
This video shows how it works.
But you can also crochet cables. This works similarly to knitting, except that the stitches are not slipped; they are skipped. Crocheted cables are made with double or treble crochet stitches. Single crochet would not create a nice look.
Here’s how you do it: You skip 2 or 3 double crochet stitches and then crochet into the next 2 or 3 double crochet stitches. Only then are the skipped double crochet stitches worked: the 1st double crochet goes into the 1st skipped double crochet. Depending on which direction the cable is supposed to run, the hook is guided either behind the previously crocheted double crochet stitches or in front of them. Then the 2nd double crochet goes into the 2nd skipped double crochet, and so on.
Here is a great video that explains how cables are crocheted