Dear Petra,
we have a greenhouse and a wooden pavilion with large windows. So I can compare them. If I had to overwinter plants, I would put them in the wooden pavilion. The reason is that my pavilion is better insulated than the greenhouse. The wooden walls are 4.5 cm thick, so it is nice and sturdy. Underneath, in the floor construction, we stuffed felted wool everywhere between the wooden floorboards as insulation. The floorboards also lie on extra stone tiles, so the cold from the ground would first have to work its way through the extra layer of stone, then through the felt, and then through the wooden floor. And the plants themselves are also in a pot, after all.
There would also be enough light through the large windows. You could also install shutters on the outside or hang thick curtains in front of the windows from the inside if you wanted to minimize the light and also the cold that inevitably comes in through the window glass.
A greenhouse, on the other hand, has double walls made of plastic. That insulates against the cold from above and the sides. It stores heat in the hollow chambers of the plastic. But it is not insulated at the bottom, because there is soil there, or a few stone floor slabs on the path. The cold from below would simply always be there in winter.
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So from my point of view, the warmer option would be a pavilion. We had a power line put into ours because, of course, we wanted light. While we were at it, we had a branch installed as an outlet. So if I had plants there in winter, I could also switch on a fan heater for a while during a hard frost (under supervision, because of the wood).
In winter we were in there now and then, and I found the climate there very pleasantly dry. Cool, yes, but not as cold and damp (because of the soil) as in the greenhouse.
Maybe my tips will help you a little. Of course, you can also store other things in a pavilion. It wouldn’t be just for the plants. In any case, we really like ours.
Kind regards, Ina
P.S. I’m attaching a picture of ours during assembly. Here you can also clearly see the floor supports and the felt in between. Pavilions come in all sizes and wall thicknesses. We bought ours online from Gartenhaus GmbH.