Very basic and fast to knit are Natascha’s Everydaysocks light.
For the foot, you only knit the rib pattern on the top side, so it doesn't get in the way when you're wearing your socks in shoes. After you have knitted the heel, you start with a strip of ribbing in the back of the leg. An optional cuff completes your socks.

This pattern is for advanced beginners.

34/35 (36/37, 38/39, 40/41, 42/43, 44/45) EU

Yarn:
100 g sock yarn (4 ply; approx. 400 m / 437 yds = 100 g)

Gauge:
30 sts x 42 r in stockinette stitch measure 10 x 10 cm (4 x 4 in).

Other materials:

• 2.5 mm circular knitting needle (US size 1.5) or the needle size required to
  achieve the specified gauge; possibly a set of double-pointed needles of the
  same size if you're not using the magic loop method
• 2 stitch markers
• Tapestry needle to weave in the loose ends